Mechanism of Yiqi Jiedu Prescriptions in Protection of Mitochondria in PC12 Cells Against Hypoxia Injury Based on Energy Metabolism / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo establish an evaluation method for mitochondrial energy metabolism with Seahorse analyzer and investigate the protective effect of Yiqi Jiedu prescriptions （YQ） on mitochondria in rat adrenal pheochromocytoma （PC12） cells against hypoxia injury. MethodThe PC12 cell injury model was induced in vitro using hypoxic chambers. Five groups were set up， ie， a control group， a model group （model）， high- （25 µmol·L-1）， medium- （5 µmol·L-1） and low-dose （1 µmol·L-1） YQ groups， and a positive drug trimetazidine （TMZ） group， with three replicate wells in each group. The experiment was repeated three times. The established method for energy metabolism analysis was used to assay the activity of mitochondrial complex in cells and screen the optimal dosing concentration. Subsequently， the YQ group and modified YQ groups were set up， and the aerobic respiration and glycolysis function were assayed by the Seahorse analyzer. According to the non-mitochondrial oxygen consumption， proton leakage， basal respiration， maximum respiration， ATP production， and potentially improved respiration， the effects of modified YQ groups on the aerobic respiration of mitochondria damaged by hypoxia were evaluated by principal component analysis （PCA） and variable importance in projection （VIP）. The expression of cytochrome C， B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2）， and Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax） was detected by Western blot. ResultCompared with the groups of other concentrations， the optimal dosing concentration of carbonyl cyanide-4 （trifluoromethoxy）phenylhydrazone （FCCP） was 2 µmol·L-1. Compared with the model group， the medium-dose YQ group showed enhanced mitochondrial complex activity （P<0.05）. The YQ groups were superior to the model group in improvement （P<0.01）. The combination of ginsenoside and geniposide showed the optimal effect among the modified YQ groups （P<0.01）. VIP analysis revealed that for the improvement of mitochondrial respiratory function， the contribution of geniposide in YQ was the greatest. Compared with the model group， the high-dose YQ group displayed reduced leakage of mitochondrial cytochrome C （P<0.01）， decreased expression of Bax protein （P<0.01）， and increased expression of Bcl-2 protein （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionA cellular， high-throughput quantitative evaluation method for mitochondrial energy metabolism was established， which demonstrated that YQ could significantly improve the impaired mitochondrial energy metabolism in PC12 cells damaged by hypoxia， and the underlying mechanism might be related to the protection against mitochondrial apoptosis.

Lengths of the fixed loop and the adjustable loop in the coarse bone tunnel were compared to influence the widening of the femoral bone tunnel and the function of the knee joint / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the effects of two different femoral cortical suspension devices (fixation loop and adjustable loop) on tunnel widening and knee function in patients following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction for 12 months.@*METHODS@#A total of 60 patients who had undergone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction were included in this study. According to the length of the loop(n)[n= total length of loop-(total length of femoral tunnel-total length of coarse tunnel)] in the rough bone tunnel, the patients were divided into A (adjustable loop was 0 mm in the coarse bone tunnel), B (fixation loop was greater than 0 mm and less than or equal to 10 mm in the coarse bone tunnel) and C (fixation loop was greater than 10 mm in the coarse bone tunnel) groups, of which 11 cases were in group A, 27 cases in group B and 22 cases in group C. In the three-dimensional reconstruction of the knee joint with multi-slice spiral CT, the widening of the bone tunnel in the three groups was compared. At the same time, IKDC, Lysholm and Tegner scores of the patients in the three groups were compared.@*RESULTS@#There were differences in the widening degree of the femoral canal among groups A, B and C, and the median difference of the widening degree of the femoral tunnel 12 months and immediately after the surgery was A < B < C. The difference of femoral canal widening in group A was significantly different from that in groups B and C (P < 0.05).According to the linear regression the relationship between the difference of the width of the femoral canal and the change of the length (n) of the loop in the coarse canal, it was found that there was a linear relationship between the value of n and the difference of the width of the bone canal. With the increase of the value of n, the difference of the width of the bone canal gradually became larger. The median difference of the width of the middle and superior tunnel was negative, while the median difference of the width of the middle and inferior tunnel was positive. During the follow-up, we found that there were no statistical differences in IKDC, Lysholm and Tegner scores among the three groups one year after surgery (P > 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Twelve months after surgery, compared with group B (fixed loop group) and group C (fixed loop group), group A (adjustable loop group) had less bone tunnel widening.In groups A, B and C, as the length of the loop in coarse bone tunnel gradually increased, the width of bone tunnel became more significant. At the end of 12 months follow-up after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, the medial and inferior femoral tunnel was significantly wider than immediately after surgery, and the medial and superior femoral tunnel had gradually begun to undergo tendon-bone healing. There was no significant difference in knee function scores among groups A, B, and C in the follow-up 12 months after surgery.

Correlation of gut microbiota and ischemic stroke: a review / 中国中药杂志

With the widespread application of next-generation sequencing(NGS), especially 16 S rRNA and shotgun sequencing, researchers are no longer troubled with massive data on the gut microbiota, and the correlation between the gut microbiota and the brain(central nervous system) has been gradually revealed. Research on the microbiota-gut-brain axis(MGBA) based on the gut microbiota have provided insights into the exploration of the pathogenesis and risk factors of ischemic stroke(IS), a cerebrovascular disease with high disability and mortality rates, and also facilitate the selection of therapeutic targets of this class of drugs. This study reviewed the application of NGS in the study of gut microbiota and the research progress of MGBA in recent years and systematically collated the research papers on the correlation between IS and gut microbiota. Furthermore, from the bi-directional regulation of MGBA, this study also discussed the high-risk factors of IS under the dysregulation of gut microbiota and the pathophysiological changes of gut microbiota after the occurrence of IS and summarized the related targets to provide a reliable reference for the therapeutic research of IS from the gut microbiota.

125Ⅰ seed brachytherapy for recurrent salivary gland carcinoma after external radiotherapy / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical application and efficacy of 125Ⅰ radioactive seeds implantation in the treatment of recurrent salivary gland carcinoma after external radiotherapy.@*METHODS@#From July 2004 to July 2016, 43 cases of recurrent salivary gland carcinoma of the neck after external radiotherapy or surgery combined with external radiotherapy were treated. According to the conventional segmentation radiotherapy for head and neck cancer (once a day, 1.8-2.0 Gy each time, 5 days per week), the cumulative radiation dose of the patients in this group was calculated. In the study, 26 patients received 50-60 Gy, 7 patients received less than 50 Gy, 4 patients received 60-70 Gy, and 6 patients received more than 80 Gy (range: 80-120 Gy). The interval between the last external irradiation and local recurrence was 4-204 months, and the median interval was 48 months. Among them, 25 cases were treated with 125Ⅰ radioactive seeds implantation only and 18 cases were treated with 125Ⅰ radioactive seeds implantation after operation. The prescription dose was 100-140 Gy. The control rate, survival rate and disease-free survival rate were recorded to evaluate the side effects.@*RESULTS@#The median follow-up time was 27 months (ranging from 2.5 to 149.0 months). Among them, the median follow-up time of adenoid cystic carcinoma patients was 31 months (range: 2.5-112.0 months), and the median follow-up time of mucoepidermoid carcinoma patients was 18 months (range: 5-149 months). The local control rates for 1, 3 and 5 years were 66.5%, 48.8% and 42.7%, respectively. The 1-, 3- and 5- year survival rates were 88.0%, 56.7% and 45.8%, respectively. The disease-free survival rates of 1, 3 and 5 years were 58.3%, 45.4% and 38.1%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in local control rate, survival rate, and disease-free survival between the radioactive seeds implantation group and the radioactive seeds implantation group after surgical resection. There were 2 cases of acute radiation reaction Ⅰ/Ⅱ and 3 cases of reaction Ⅲ or above. In the late stage of radiotherapy, there were 8 cases with Ⅰ/Ⅱ grade reaction and 3 cases with Ⅲ grade or above reaction. The incidence of radiation reactions of Grade Ⅲ and above was 7%.@*CONCLUSION@#125Ⅰ radioactive seeds implantation provides an alternative method for the treatment of recurrent salivary gland carcinoma after external radiotherapy. The local control rate and survival rate are improved on the premise of low incidence of side effects.

Intraoral anastomosis for maxillary reconstruction with medial femoral condyle periosteal flap: a case report / 华西口腔医学杂志

Maxillary defects result in esthetic and functional defects in patients. Several techniques are available for ma-xillary reconstruction. Herein, we present a case of maxillary reconstruction with medial femoral condyle periosteal flap by intraoral anastomosis. The characteristics of medial femoral condyle periosteal flap and the advantages of intraoral anasto-mosis are introduced.

Comparison of the effect between endoscopic thyroidectomy and open thyroidectomy in treatment of benign thyroid diseases / 新乡医学院学报

Objective To compare the clinical effect of endoscopic thyroidectomy and open thyroidectomy in the treat-ment of benign thyroid diseases. Methods A total of 120 patients with benign thyroid diseases were selected from March 2015 to June 2017 in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University. The patients were divided into endoscopic opera-tion group(n = 62)and open operation group(n = 58)according to the treatment methods. The patients in the open operation group were treated with conventional open thyroidectomy,and the patients in the endoscopic operation group were treated with endoscopic thyroidectomy. The operation time,intraoperative bleeding volume,postoperative drainage volume and hospitalization time were recorded in the two groups;and the intraoperative and postoperative complications were observed. The pain of the pa-tients in the two groups was evaluated by visual analogue scale(VAS)at the time points of 6,12 and 24 hours after operation. The cosmetic satisfaction of the patients in the two groups was evaluated by numerical scoring system(NSS)at the time points of 1 and 3 months after operation. Results The operation time and hospitalization time in the endoscopic operation group were significantly shorter than those in the open operation group(P < 0. 05),and the intraoperative bleeding volume and postopera-tive drainage volume in the endoscopic operation group were significantly lower than those in the open operation group(P <0. 05). The VAS score of pain in the endoscopic operation group was significantly lower than that in the open operation group at the time points of 6,12 and 24 hours after operation(P < 0. 05). The NSS score in the endoscopic operation group was sig-nificantly higher than that in the open operation group at the time points of 1 and 3 months after operation(P < 0. 05). The in-cidence of complications in the endoscopic operation group and the open operation group was 12. 90％(8 / 62)and 39. 66％(23 / 58)respectively,the incidence of complications in the endoscopic operation group was significantly lower than that in the open operation group(χ2 = 11. 210,P < 0. 05). Conclusion Endoscopic thyroidectomy is reliable in the treatment of benign thyroid diseases. It has the advantages of small trauma,short operation time,quick recovery,light postoperative pain,small sur-gical scar and fewer complications and so on.

Determination of five isoflavonoids in Pueraria Radix by QAMS / 中草药

Objective: To establish a method for simultaneously determination of five isoflavones (daidzein, daidzin, puerarin, mirificin, and 6″-O-xylosidepuerarin) in Pueraria Radix by single marker (QAMS), which is feasible and accurate. Methods: Puerarin was taken as internal standard substance to establish the relative correction factor (RCF) for quantitative analysis of multi-components with QAMS. Thus, the contents of mirificin, 6″-O-xylosidepuerarin, daidzin, and daidzein were calculated. The contents in 10 batches of samples were determined by external standard method and QAMS. The scientificalness and feasibility of the methods were evaluated by comparison of the quantitative results between external standard method and QAMS. Results: The reproducibility of RCF was perfect. The results calculated with QAMS were consistent with the results by the external standard method. Conclusion: QAMS is accurate and feasible to evaluate the quality of Pueraria Radix.

An analysis on HIV infection status and related factors among men who have sex with men / 预防医学

Objective To learn the prevalence of HIV among men who have sex with men (MSM)in Zhoushan City,and to analyze the risk factors of HIV infection.Methods A total of 267 MSM were recruited,the information about HIV /AIDS prevention -related knowledge and behavior characteristics among MSM were collected with a face -to -face questionnaire interview.Serological detection for HIV and syphilis infection were conducted simultaneously.Results The average age of the MSMwas 29.45 ±8.16 years old.The awareness rate of HIV /AIDS prevention -related knowledge was 88.76%.During the previous six months,91.76% of the MSM had homosexual and 74.29% of them reported using condom when having anal sex.In the previous six months,10.11% of the MSMhad heterosexual behavior and 40.74% of the MSM reported using condom when having sex behavior with female.HIV and syphilis infection rates in the MSM were 2.62% and 8.24%,respectively.Multivariate analysis showed that men aged 20 -30 years(OR =2.26,95%CI:1.74 -3.59),sexual activity outside the scope of the city(OR =2.03,95%CI:1.31 -2.95),never use condom when having anal sex in the previous 6 months (OR =1.94,95%CI:1.21 -2.69)were the risk factors of HIV infection.Conclusion The MSMamong Zhoushan City have unsafe sex behavior.Effective interventions should be implemented against the main risk factors.

Preservation and clinical application of umbilical cord blood for personal use-review / 中国实验血液学杂志

Human umbilical cord blood (CB) is one potential source of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and progenitor cells, and it has been used to successfully treat leukemia, lymphoma, myelodysplastic syndrome, aplastic anemia, hemoglobinopathies, metabolic storage diseases, and immunodeficiencies. With the establishment of CB bank and increased cases of CB transplantation in clinical use, more and more parents today choice to donate the CB to a public CB bank, or to keep and store the CB in a private bank for potential use in the future. In this article, the current status of CB preservation and clinical application of CB for personal use are reviewed.

Correlation of HLA-A, B, DRB1 genes with leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was aimed to investigate the correlation between HLA gene distribution and allele frequency of the patients with leukemia. PCR-SSP technique was used to detect the HLA genotype of 2994 umbilical cord blood units from healthy newborns (as control), the detecting result of which was compared with HLA genotypes of 1246 patients with leukemia searched in our cord blood bank. The differences between two groups were compared and analyzed. The results indicated that as compared with the control group, the allele frequencies of HLA-B*56 (0.56%), B*70 (0.24%) obviously increased (RR = 2.2546, 6.2598, χ(2) = 5, 5.98, P < 0.05), while the allele frequencies of HLA-A*03 (3.45%), A*30 (4.86%), B*13 (8.75%), B44* (3.25%), B61* (5.70%), DRB1*07 (8.23%), DRB1*15 (14.21%) obviously decreased in patients with leukemia (RR = 0.5889, 0.7187, 0.7359, 0.5713, 0.7127, 0.6242, 0.7976, χ(2) = 19.23, 9.82, 14.33, 20.48, 11.99, 33.21, 11.56, P < 0.01). It is concluded that HLA-B*56, B*70 alleles seem to be characterized by the genetic susceptibility to leukemia and may be served as risk markers for leukemia occurrence, while the HLA-A*03, A*30, B*13, B*44, B*61, DRB1*07, DRB1*15 can be considered as genetic indicators for resistance of leukemia.

Membrane cholesterol mediates the endocannabinoids-anandamide affection on HepG2 cells / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of anandamide (AEA) on necrosis in HepG2 cells and to explore the role of AEA in progression of liver cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Localization of the fatty acid hydrolytic enzyme (FAAH), cannabinoid receptors 1(CB1) and cannabinoid receptors 2 (CB2) proteins was detected in L02 and HepG2 cells using immunofluorescence. L02 and HepG2 cells were treated with different concentrations of AEA and methyl-beta-cyclodextrin, and the rates of cells necrosis were examined by PI stain. Meanwhile, the expression levels of FAAH, CB1 and CB2 receptor proteins, as well as P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-P38 MAPK) and c-Jun-NH2-terminal kinase (p-JNK) proteins, were analyzed by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The FAAH, CB1 and CB2 receptor proteins were observed both in cytoplasm and on membrane in L02 and HepG2 cells. The expression level of FAAH protein was higher in HepG2 than in L02 cells. The expression level of CB1 receptor protein was very low in both L02 and HepG2 cells. The expression level of CB2 receptor protein was high in both L02 and HepG2 cells. AEA treatment induced necrosis in HepG2 cells but not in L02 cells. Methyl-beta-cyclodextrin treatment prevented necrosis in HepG2 cells (t = 3.702; 5.274; 3.503, P less than 0.05). The expression patterns of FAAH, CB1 and CB2 receptor protein in L02 and HepG2 cells were confirmed by western blot, which were consistent with the immunofluorescence results. AEA treatment increased the levels of p-P38MAPK and p-JNK proteins in a dose-dependent manner in HepG2 cells (F = 11.908; 26.054, P less than 0.05) and the increase can be partially by prevented by MCD (t = 2.801; t = 12.829, P less than 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>AEA treatment induces necrosis in HepG2 cells via CB1 and CB2 receptors and lipid rafts.</p>

Sal I, Nru I and Mse I restriction fragment length polymorphisms of factor IX gene in Chinese Han people / 中国实验血液学杂志

The purpose of this study is to investigate the Sal I, Nru I and Mse I restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) of factor IX gene in Chinese Han people. The frequencies of FIX-192 and FIX-793 for A and G, and FIX-698 for T and C were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in unrelated normal Chinese Han people. A sample of 214, 210 and 206 unrelated X chromosomes were analyzed for FIX-192 and FIX-793 and FIX-698, respectively. The results showed that the frequencies for FIX-192 were 0.878 for A and 0.122 for G, with a heterozygosity rate of 0.213, and the frequencies for FIX-793 were 0.552 for A and 0.448 for G, with a heterozygosity rate of 0.494, the frequencies for FIX-698 were 0.311 for T and 0.689 for C, with a heterozygosity rate of 0.429. It was concluded that the SalIand NruI and MseI RFLPs of FIX gene may be useful markers for carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis in Chinese families with hemophilia B patients.